Glossary
The Korean version is authoritative. This page was translated by AI (Claude) and has not yet been checked by a person. 한국어 원문
This page gathers in one place the words used by Hahoe Genesis Protocol (HGP) documents and Nodeone projects. The same word is used with the same meaning. If a new word is needed, add it here first.
- “Other words used before”: names that other places used for the same thing. When reading, read them as this term.
- “Same word, different meaning”: places where the word is the same or similar but the meaning is different. Do not mix them.
1. layer and provenance grade
Section titled “1. layer and provenance grade”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| layer | A division by who does what. Written as the lowercase word layer and a number (04-layer) |
siltare’s Layer: stages within a session (space → people → turning → closing), screen stages (onboarding “레이어 2” (layer 2)), development stages (Feature Layer Roadmap “Layer 0, 1”), code structure (3-Layer Rule), a pipeline that runs separately (“Layer 3”). windandflow’s L1~L4: levels of the technology stack (L1 Ethereum, L2 Base, L3 wf-os, L4 apps) | |
| layer 0 protocol (규약) | Sets the principles and specifications. Holds nothing. hgp | hgp v0.1 “0층” (floor 0), the September HGP specification “프로토콜층” (protocol layer), the arkive protocol “약속층” (promise layer) | |
| layer 1 store (저장고) | Keeps the originals, the ledger and the fingerprints in trust. It is not the owner. arkive | hgp v0.1 “1층” (floor 1), the September specification “주권층” (sovereignty layer), the arkive protocol “원본층” (original layer) | |
| layer 2 app (앱) | Where people record, read and edit. There can be many. secretary and others | hgp v0.1 “2층” (floor 2), the September specification “창구층” (counter layer), the arkive protocol “서비스층” (service layer) | |
| Provenance grade (원본격) | How far something has moved from the original. One of the four below. The ledger field level |
The September specification and hgp v0.1 “L0~L3” | windandflow’s Visa Level L0~L4: membership grades (L0 interested population ~ L4 natives). Inside windandflow, “L3” is used with two meanings: wf-os and a membership grade |
Original (원본, original) |
The file exactly as it was first made on the device or scanner. Recordings, scans, photos, videos, typed text | The September specification “L0 원음” (L0 original sound), hgp v0.1 “L0” | |
Draft (초벌, draft) |
The first interpretation made by a machine. Machine transcription, OCR, draft decipherment of cursive script (talcho) | “L1” | |
Confirmed (확인본, confirmed) |
An interpretation that a person corrected or checked and applied the confirmation stamp to | “L2”, arkive “확인본” (confirmed version) | |
Derived (파생, derived) |
Something newly made from an original or an interpretation. Summaries, translations, compiled books | “L3”, the National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “편집본” (edited version) (the field 원본여부 “original or not”: 원본/편집본, original/edited) |
2. The authentic layer and the interpretive layer
Section titled “2. The authentic layer and the interpretive layer”These carry the word “층” (layer), but they are not a layer. They are words that split one record into its original and its interpretations.
| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| The authentic layer (진본층) | The original. It is never changed, moved or deleted (00-Principles 1) | cheroki “<slug>_raw.m4a” (original audio) |
Wrong use: siltare calls a transcript the “original transcript”. A transcript is not an original; it belongs to the interpretive layer |
| The interpretive layer (해석층) | What is built up separately beside the original. Transcription, correction, OCR, translation, summary, annotation, comment. In provenance grade: draft, confirmed, derived | arkive “겹” (text layer, “텍스트 겹”), secretary transcripts/ and notes/, the National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “녹취문” (= transcript) |
The _raw.md files of cheroki and secretary have “raw” in their names, but they are machine transcripts (draft). They are not originals |
| Reduced copy (줄인 사본) | An image cropped and reduced from the original for display on screen (arkive uses 1600 pixels on the long side). It is not an original. The fingerprint attached is the original’s, not the copy’s (02-Fingerprint section 9) | arkive “화면용 그림” (screen image) (web, thumb), “축소 이미지” (reduced image) |
What the public room and IIIF manifests display is always the reduced copy |
3. Fingerprint
Section titled “3. Fingerprint”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fingerprint (지문) | The SHA-256 hash of a file. If even one character changes, it becomes completely different (02-Fingerprint) | hash, sha256 |
|
Original fingerprint (원본 지문, sha256_store) |
The fingerprint of the original before it is locked | secretary sha256_server, arkive fixity.tsv sha256 |
|
Device fingerprint (기기 지문, sha256_device) |
The fingerprint taken on the device at the moment recording ends | secretary sha256_phone |
|
Stored fingerprint (보관 지문, sha256_stored) |
The fingerprint of the file locked with the depositor’s key. The administrator uses it for regular checks | ||
| Fingerprint list (지문 목록) | A list giving, for each file, its fingerprint, path, size and registration time | arkive “고정성 목록” (fixity list) (fixity.tsv, OCFL fixity), BagIt manifest-sha256.txt |
|
| Face (면) | One sheet. One scanned page, one recording | arkive “면” = IIIF canvas (same meaning) | |
| Volume (권) | A bundle of faces. One book; for recordings, one day | arkive “책” (book) (one IIIF manifest) | siltare “책 한 권 = 10챕터” (one book = 10 chapters): a book made from interviews. It is not a bundle of faces |
| Volume fingerprint (권 지문) | The Merkle root of the face fingerprints in a volume (a fingerprint made by pairing fingerprints two at a time and climbing up until one is left) | The September specification “머클 루트” (Merkle root) | |
| Fixity bundle (지문 묶음) | A machine-readable file that an IIIF manifest points to with seeAlso. For each canvas, the original fingerprint and the crop region, plus the volume fingerprint (02-Fingerprint section 9, Decision 0009) |
arkive export/fixity (profile https:/, old name urn:x-hgp:fixity) |
|
| Daily bundle fingerprint (하루 묶음 지문) | The Merkle root that bundles one day’s original fingerprints of a depositor (02-Fingerprint section 6) |
4. Ledger
Section titled “4. Ledger”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| manifest (장부, ledger) | A file that records, for each record, when, what, with which fingerprint, whose it is, how far it is open and where it has gone, appending one line at a time (03-manifest) | secretary manifest.jsonl (the same thing) |
An IIIF manifest is a standard file that presents one volume (= volume). A C2PA manifest is a provenance proof attached to one file. Do not mix the three. In hgp documents, “manifest” on its own always means the ledger |
Staging store (임시 저장고, store: staging) |
Where an app server keeps originals until the arkive intake exists (04-layer section 4) | secretary staging store folder |
5. People and permissions
Section titled “5. People and permissions”Taken as they are from 01-Permissions sections 2 and 3.
| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depositor (기탁자) | The person who left the record. The owner of the original. For a recording, the person who spoke; for old documents, the clan or family that deposited them | The September specification “발화자” (speaker), arkive “기탁자” (depositor), secretary “사용자” (user), the National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “구술자” (narrator) | The National Library of Korea oral history guidelines have the institution receive a “transfer” (“이양”) of rights from the narrator. HGP does not take rights. Keeping is not owning (principle 1) |
| Interviewer (면담자) | In an oral history recording, the person who asks questions and leads. Recorded separately from the person who spoke (the depositor). The interviewer’s voice belongs to the interviewer (03-manifest voices) |
The National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “면담자(기록가)” (interviewer (recorder)) | The transcriber (녹취자, the person who writes it down) is an editor |
| Editor (수정자) | A person or AI who edits the interpretive layer. Adds on top without deleting | arkive “확정자” (confirmer) (confirmers in the old settings file, removed on 2026-10-12 and replaced by confirm in permission records) is an editor who applies the confirmation stamp |
The “검증자” (verifier) of the September specification HGP-0008 is a person who makes confirmed versions. It is not an institution that only compares fingerprints |
| Viewer (열람자) | A person who sees within the scope the depositor has opened. Can only add comments | arkive institution (institution), researcher, member |
|
| Administrator (관리자) | Nodeone, which takes care of accounts and storage. Designed so that it cannot see the content | The September specification “수탁자” (trustee), “저장소” (repository) | |
| Successor (승계자) | The person who, after the depositor is gone, inherits the depositor’s share of the key through a set procedure. Cannot widen the scope | “상속인” (heir) | |
Stand-in depositor (기탁자 자리 대신, stand_in) |
For a record whose depositor is unknown, giving permission in the depositor’s place. Cannot widen to public, destroy, name a successor or give training consent (01-Permissions section 4, Decision 0011) | arkive “기탁자 자리에서” (in the depositor’s place) | Different from a successor. A successor is someone the depositor chose; a stand-in is for when the depositor is unknown |
| App key (앱 열쇠) | The key a layer 2 app uses to read the store. The depositor opens it per app and per volume. Reading and suggesting edits only (01-Permissions section 4, Decision 0011) | arkive “앱 열쇠” (app key) (service layer API /api/v1) |
Different from the depositor key (the key that locks the original) |
| Confirmation stamp (확인 도장) | Raising an interpretation to a confirmed version. Only people granted permission for that record can apply it. By default the depositor and human editors; the administrator only for records the depositor has entrusted to them. AI cannot apply it (01-Permissions section 2) | arkive status accepted (corrections.jsonl; partly_accepted when two people must confirm), arkive “확정” (confirmation), the National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “검독” (review: the narrator checks the transcript, with a review confirmation form) |
|
| Retract (물리기) | Removing something wrong from view without deleting it. The record remains and can be reopened. Editors can retract interpretations; only the depositor can retract an original face | arkive “물리기” (retire: face retirement retired, retracting readings and boxes), the “물림” (retracted) of claims in the relation network |
Different from destruction. Retracting deletes nothing |
| Destruction (파기) | The depositor withdrawing an original and actually deleting it. Depositor only, confirmed twice. The fact of deletion (fingerprint, size, who, when, why) remains. After locking, it becomes destroying the key (01-Permissions section 4 “Deletion”) | arkive “파기” (destruction) (destroyed.tsv), the September specification “열쇠 파기” (key destruction) |
The administrator only carries out the depositor’s instruction |
6. Scope and consent
Section titled “6. Scope and consent”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scope (범위) | Who it is shown to. Five settings: sealed, private, relation, community, public. If not set, “private” (00-Principles section 3) | arkive’s seven disclosure levels (PUBLIC ~ OFF-RECORD), the September specification’s four settings, the National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “공개여부” (disclosure status: public, non-public, restricted) and “비공개 내역서” (non-disclosure statement: start, end, reason and period for each passage) | |
| Approval required (승인 필요) | A flag attached to a scope separately. Before opening, the depositor’s approval is obtained once more | arkive CONFIDENTIAL | |
| Seal candidate (봉인 후보) | A line that a machine has marked as “possibly someone else’s private story”. Only the depositor sees it until the depositor opens it line by line | arkive “봉인 후보” (seal candidate) (lines in modern records that contain forms of address for other people, arkive protocol article 7) | In the relation network, claims about a possibly living person (06-Relation network section 9 item 3, Decision 0008) are closed the same way |
| Use consent (쓰임새 동의) | Archive only, share with family, use in books, films and the like, use for AI training. Each one separately (00-Principles section 4) | arkive “용도 동의” (purpose consent), eight kinds |
7. Names
Section titled “7. Names”| Term | Meaning | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Hahoe Genesis Protocol (HGP) | This protocol. At the start of a document, always write the full name with it. The name is provisional | The Human Genome Project is also HGP |
| Secretary (Haru) | A recording secretary app. The “HGP 녹음기 v0.1” (HGP recorder v0.1) of the September specification became this | The name on the app screen is still “Secretary” |
8. Relation network (06-Relation network)
Section titled “8. Relation network (06-Relation network)”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relation network (관계망) | The collected lines between records, people, places and events. An index rebuilt from the claim ledger | arkive “관계망” (relation network), “연결망” (connection network) (PLAN section 12.6), “온톨로지” (ontology) | Section 5 “연결” (connection) of the September specification HGP-0006 means introducing living people to each other. See “Introducing people” below |
| Introducing people (사람 잇기) | Introducing living people to each other. Both sides consent, and no candidates are kept | The September specification “연결” (connection) | |
| Node (점, also 대상 “target”) | Something that has only an identifier and a kind: person, group, place, event, text, object | arkive “인물·장소·사건·문헌” (person, place, event, text), Palantir object | |
| Claim (주장) | One line in which a source says something about a target. The smallest unit of the relation network | factoid, Wikidata statement, arkive “관계” (relation) and “이칭” (alternative name) records | |
| Position (자리) | Where a source or target sits: record, face, line, region, time span | arkive source (canvas_id, line), Web Annotation target |
The place of an arkive reading line is “the face that line sits on”. It is not a geographic place |
| Candidate / confirmed / retracted (후보 / 확인 / 물림) | The status of a claim (candidate / confirmed / retracted) |
arkive proposed and candidate / accepted and verified / rejected, Wikidata deprecated (retracted) |
In arkive, verified_by: the transcription scholar (annotation) is not a confirmation stamp but the person who supplied the source |
| View (보기) | A rule that sets which claims come first and what is shown with them. It stays in the ledger | arkive “관점” (perspective) | |
| Time of fact / time of record (사실의 때 / 기록한 때) | The time the source speaks of (when) / the time it was written into the ledger (at) |
Graphiti valid_at / created_at, factoid dateForAssertion / hasDateAssertionMade |
|
| Compilation (엮음) | A result made by selecting and bundling claims through a view. Derived | arkive “큐레이트” (curate) | |
Handle (별칭, handle) |
A human-readable label. <project>:<handle> |
arkive p-kimtae, pl-okyeon |
9. Deposit (07-Deposit)
Section titled “9. Deposit (07-Deposit)”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
Owner (소유자, owner) |
The owner of the physical item or the original. Can be different from the depositor | Korea Heritage Service “소유자” (owner) (ccbaPoss), CIDOC-CRM current owner |
arkive “소장처” (holding institution) records the owner and the physical holder in one field |
Physical holder (실물 보관처, holder) |
The place that keeps the physical item. A notice field, not a permission | Korea Heritage Service “관리자” (manager) (ccbaAdmin), Korean studies institutions “현소장처” (current holding institution), CIDOC-CRM current keeper |
Different from the “administrator” of 01-Permissions (Nodeone, the digital store) |
Deposit agreement (기탁 약정, agreement) |
A ledger line recording who deposited what and what they allowed. The signed agreement document itself is deposited as an original | The September specification HGP-0003 “기탁 약정” (deposit agreement) | |
Review date (재검토일, review_at) |
The day the agreement is asked about again. Default 5 years. Reaching it does not open anything by itself | ||
Rights basis (권리 근거, rights.basis) |
Whose rights, and which right, the interpretive layer relies on: none, ownership, copyright, agreement, not yet clear | PREMIS rightsBasis | The confirmation stamp is not a right |
| Survives separately (따로 남음) | An agreement clause saying that the person who made an interpretation may use it separately outside the store | ||
Time-limited scope (기한 있는 범위, scope_after) |
A scope that changes after a set date | The National Library of Korea oral history guidelines “제한적 공개연도” (restricted disclosure year), NAK 8 “공개예정일자” (scheduled disclosure date) |
10. Public name file (08-Name file)
Section titled “10. Public name file (08-Name file)”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name file (이름표, JSON-LD context) | A public file that writes down the meaning of field names. https:/ |
“hgp context” | Different from the “이름표” (identifier: id, the UUID of nodes and claims) of 06-Relation network |
| Rule table (규칙표) | A table that lets a machine check the shape of the relation network ledger. relations-v1.json |
arkive “shapes” request proposal | |
error / review |
The two levels of rule table violations: must not go in / for a person to look at | arkive relation network check (lint) |
11. Product provenance (decision 0016, 0017)
Section titled “11. Product provenance (decision 0016, 0017)”| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Product provenance (제품 이력) | The record of the events a physical product (liquor and the like) went through, from raw material to bottle | provenance, W3C PROV-O provenance | In archival science, “provenance” means the body that created the records |
Event (사건, event_kind) |
Something that actually happened (harvest, mashing, bottling). An event node of 06-Relation network | provenance “event” | event in 03-manifest is a ledger action (received, derived). The field for the kind of event is not called event |
| Source original (근거 원본) | A photo, video or document an event record points to. Deposited as an original (the authentic layer) | provenance “evidence”. The screen may say “evidence” | |
| Lot, batch, bottle (로트, 담금, 병) | The subjects of product provenance: unit of raw material, unit of mashing, single bottle. Thing nodes of 06-Relation network | lot, batch, bottle. September specification HGP-0004 section 8 “lot” | |
| Serial number (일련번호) | The number on each bottle. The QR code points to it | serial | |
| Registry entry (등록부 줄) | The fingerprint line of one record put on a public ledger | attestation (EAS), chain record | Different from an anchor. An anchor is one daily root; a registry entry is one record |
| Salt (소금) | 32 random bytes mixed in so that fingerprints of private values cannot be guessed | salt, nonce | |
Sealed root (봉인 지문, sealed) |
The root that bundles salted fingerprints taken for each private item. Items can be opened one at a time | sealed root, commitment | Different from the “sealed” scope. A sealed root is a closed value inside a public record |
| Disclosure line (공개 줄) | A ledger line that opens one sealed item. event: "scope_changed", depositor only |
disclosure | |
Industry profile (업종 설정, profile) |
A file listing, for one industry, the subject kinds, event kinds and default scopes. Published with a version number | profile | Different from the fixity bundle profile of 08-Name file |
| Lookup value (조회 값) | A random value in the QR code, kept separate from the serial number so that no one can guess numbers and look up other bottles | ||
| Seal label (봉인 라벨) | A label that breaks when torn off, so an empty bottle cannot be reused (September specification HGP-0004 section 8) | tamper-evident label | Different from the “sealed” scope |
| Wax pattern (밀랍 무늬) | The shape of each bottle’s wax seal, which sets differently every time. Photographed to compare with the physical bottle (HGP-0004 section 7, “physical features”) | ||
Via (거쳐 온 곳, via) |
An outside service the original passed through before reaching the store |
| Term | Meaning | Other words used before | Same word, different meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Content key (내용 열쇠) | A random key that locks one original file. Different for each file | data key, DEK | |
| Owner key (주인 열쇠) | The key that wraps a depositor’s content keys. Lives in the device and is split into three shares | September specification “person’s key” | |
| Relation key (관계 열쇠) | A key that opens one scope (relation, community) | September specification “relation’s key” | |
| Seal key (봉인 열쇠) | A key that wraps only sealed records. Not split; kept somewhere not connected to the internet | Different from the seal label (bottles) | |
| Share (조각) | One of the three parts of the owner key. Any two bring the key back | Shamir secret sharing “share” | Different from “whole and part” in the September specification (units a record is divided into) |
| Recovery (되찾기) | A depositor who lost their phone brings the owner key back with the shares of family and Nodeone. Waits 7 days | key recovery | |
| Locking (잠그기) | Encrypting an original with its content key | encryption |